| ID: | 22312 |
|---|---|
| Entry Text: | Steffen, Dirk. "The Holtzendorff Memorandum of 22 December 1916 and Germany's Declaration of Unrestricted U-Boat Warfare." J Mil His, 68 (January 2004): 215-24. Conflict within leadership; in end Hindenberg & Luddendorf persuaded Kaiser to resume unrestricted submarine warfare; enormous consequences. |